Thursday, June 14, 2012

Bacteria and germs

http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/health/2012/06/14/germs-are-necessary-to-keep-humans-healthy/

And like environmental ecosystems, your microbial makeup varies widely by body part. Your skin could be like a rainforest, your intestines teeming with different species like an ocean.

Staphylococcus aureus harmlessly in their noses or on their skin but can infect others.

First, the researchers had to collect tissue samples from more than a dozen body sites — the mouth, nose, different spots of skin, the vagina in women, and from feces. Then they teased apart the bacterial DNA from the human DNA, and started analyzing organisms with some daunting names: Lactobacillus crispatus, Streptococcus mitis, Corynebacterium accolens.

Another surprise: There isn't one core set of bacteria that perform those functions. A wide variety can do the same jobs, the researchers found.

Consider the intestinal superbug named C. difficile that people all too often catch while they're in the hospital, and that sometimes kills.


Microbiology: Learning about who we are
Microbial inhabitants outnumber our body's own cells by about ten to one. These residents have become the subject of intensive research, which is beginning to elucidate their roles in health and disease. 

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7402/full/nature11234.html

Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v486/n7402/full/nature11053.html
Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. 

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