New research debunks a previous theory about how and why chimps share.
http://news.discovery.com/animals/chimps-share-110808.html
For each experiment, the tokens came in two different colors. Choosing tokens of a certain color would result in a "selfish outcome," which was a food reward for just the participant. Choosing tokens of the other color resulted in food rewards for both the token selector and another nearby chimp in an adjacent compartment.
The food rewards consisted of banana slices wrapped in butcher paper that made a loud sound when unwrapped.
The chimp participants nearly always chose the tokens that would yield food rewards for both the selector and the nearby observing chimp.
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