Bayesian Statistics

Bayesian inference uses aspects of the scientific method, which involves collecting evidence that is meant to be consistent or inconsistent with a given hypothesis. As evidence accumulates, the degree of belief in a hypothesis ought to change.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference

P(H | E) is called the posterior probability of H given E.

(H = hypothesis, E = evidence) so given evidence E, what are the chances that hypothesis H is true? I've seen Bayesian satistics used a lot in bioinformatics, from homology modelling to protein-protein interaction predictions.


Thomas Bayes